Kushandura kunoshandisa lathe kubvisa zvinhu kubva kunze kwechishandiso chinotenderera, uku kufinha kunobvisa zvinhu mukati mebasa rinotenderera.#base
Kutendeuka inzira yekubvisa zvinhu kubva kunze kwedhayamita yebasa rinotenderera uchishandisa lathe.Single point cutters inocheka simbi kubva paworkpiece kuita (zvakanakira) mapfupi, anopinza machipisi ari nyore kubvisa.
A CNC lathe ine nguva dzose yekucheka kukurumidza kudzora inobvumira mutyairi kuti asarudze kumhanya kwekucheka, uye ipapo muchina unogadzirisa otomatiki RPM sezvo chishandiso chekucheka chinopfuura madhayamita akasiyana pamwe nekunze kwekunze kwechishandiso.Machira emazuva ano anowanikwawo mune imwechete turret uye kaviri turret masisitimu: single turrets ine yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka axis, uye kaviri turrets ine peya yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka axes pa turret.
Maturusi ekutanga ekutenderedza aive akasimba makona ane rectangular akagadzirwa nesimbi yekumhanya ine reki nemakona ekubvisa kune rimwe divi.Kana turusi ragomara, mupfuri wekiyi anorodza paguyo kuti rishandiswezve.Zvishandiso zveHSS zvichiri zvakajairika pamachira ekare, asi maturusi ecarbide ave akakurumbira, kunyanya mune brazed single point fomu.Carbide ine zvirinani kupfeka kuramba uye kuoma, izvo zvinowedzera kubereka uye hupenyu hwezvishandiso, asi inodhura uye inoda ruzivo kuti udzoke zvakare.
Kutendeuka musanganiswa wemutsara (chombo) uye rotary (workpiece) kufamba.Nokudaro, kukurumidza kucheka kunotsanangurwa sechinhambwe chekutenderera (yakanyorwa se sfm - pamusoro petsoka paminiti - kana smm - square mita paminiti - kufamba kwepoindi pamusoro pechikamu muminiti imwe).Iyo feedrate (inotaridzwa in inches kana millimeters per revolution) ndiyo nhambwe yakatsetseka iyo chishandiso chinofamba nacho kana kuyambuka pamusoro pechishandiso.Kudyisa dzimwe nguva kunoratidzwa sechinhambwe chemutsetse (mu/min kana mm/min) icho chishandiso chinofamba muminiti imwe.
Chekudya chinodiwa chinosiyana zvichienderana nechinangwa chekushanda.Semuyenzaniso, mukukasharara, chikafu chepamusoro chinowanzova nani pakuwedzera masimbi ekubvisa mitengo, asi chikamu chepamusoro uye simba remuchina zvinodiwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kupedzisa kutendeuka kunogona kudzikamisa chiyero chekudya kuti uwane kushata kwepamusoro kwakatsanangurwa muchikamu chekudhirowa.
Kubudirira kwechigadziro chekucheka kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekona yechishandiso maererano neworkpiece.Matemu anotsanangurwa muchikamu chino anoshanda kune yekucheka nekuisa clearance uye anoshanda kune brazed single point maturusi.
Top rake angle (inozivikanwawo se back rake angle) ikona inoumbwa pakati pekona yekupinza uye mutsetse wakanangana nechokushandisa kana uchitariswa nedivi, kumberi nekumashure kwechombo.Kumusoro kwerake kona kwakanaka kana kona yepamusoro yakatenuka kubva panochekwa ichipinda mushangi;kusarerekera kana mutsetse uri pamusoro pekuisa uchienderana nepamusoro pe shank;uye isina kwayakarerekera kana yakarereka kubva painochekwa.yakakwira kudarika chibatiso chemudziyo, chepamusoro chekona chiri negative..Mablades uye zvibato zvakakamurwawo kuita makona akanaka uye asina kunaka.Inoisa zvakanaka ine mativi akakwenenzverwa uye zvibatiso zvinokwana zvine makona akanaka uye parutivi rake.Negative inopinza ine sikweya maringe nepamusoro pebadza uye mibato inokwana ine negative kumusoro uye parutivi rake angles.The top rake angle is unique pakuti inobva pane geometry yekupinza: positively ground or form chipbreakers inogona kushandura inobudirira top rake angle kubva kune negative kuenda kune positive.Epamusoro rake angles zvakare anowanzo kuve akakura kune akapfava, akawanda ductile workpiece zvinhu zvinoda hombe yakanaka yekugera angles, nepo dzakaomarara, dzakaomarara zvinhu zvinochekwa zvakanyanya nekwazvakarerekera kana zvisina kunaka geometry.
Iyo lateral rake angle yakaumbwa pakati pekupedzisira chiso chebadza uye mutsara perpendicular kune workpiece, sezvinoonekwa kubva kumagumo chiso.Aya makona akanaka kana akatenderedzwa kubva pakucheka, asina kwaakarerekera kana ari perpendicular kumucheto wekucheka, uye asina kunaka kana akakwiridzirwa kumusoro.Hukobvu hunobvira hwechishandiso hunoenderana nedivi rake rekona, makona madiki anobvumira kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvakakora zvinowedzera simba asi zvinoda mauto ekucheka epamusoro.Makona mahombe anoburitsa machipisi akatetepa uye akaderera ekucheka simba zvinodiwa, asi kupfuura iyo yakanyanya kukurudzirwa kona, iyo yekucheka inopera simba uye kupisa kupisa kunoderedzwa.
Mhedziso yekucheka bevel inoumbwa pakati pekucheka kwechidzitiro pamagumo echombo uye mutsara perpendicular kuseri kwechibato.Iyi kona inotsanangura mukaha pakati pemudziyo wekucheka uye yakapedzwa pamusoro peiyo workpiece.
Kusununguka kwekupedzisira kunowanikwa pasi pekupedzisira kwekucheka uye kunoumbwa pakati pekupedzisira kwechiso chekuisa uye mutsara perpendicular kusvika kumucheto we shank.Tip overhang inokubvumira kuti uite kona yekuyamura (yakagadzirwa neshank end uye mutsara perpendicular kumudzi we shank) yakakura kudarika kona yekuyamura.
Iro divi rekubvisa kona rinotsanangura kona iri pasi perutivi rwekucheka.Iyo inoumbwa nemativi e blade uye mutsara perpendicular kusvika kunheyo yekubata.Sezvinoita mubati wekupedzisira, iyo overhang inobvumira kuzorora kweparutivi (kunogadzirwa nedivi remubato uye mutsara wakanangana nechepazasi pemubato) kuti ive yakakura kupfuura yekuyamura.
Iyo inotungamira angle (inozivikanwawo sedivi rekucheka edge angle kana lead angle) inoumbwa pakati perutivi rwekucheka kumucheto kwekuisa uye nedivi remubati.Iyi kona inotungamira chishandiso mukati meiyo workpiece, uye sezvainowedzera, yakafara, yakatetepa chip inogadzirwa.Iyo geometry uye mamiriro ezvinhu eiyo workpiece zvinhu zvikuru pakusarudza kona inotungamira yechishandiso chekucheka.Semuyenzaniso, maturusi ane accentuated helix angle anogona kupa mashandiro akakosha pakucheka sintered, discontinuous, kana kuomeswa nzvimbo pasina kukanganisa zvakanyanya kumucheto kwechishandiso chekucheka.Vashandi vanofanira kuenzanisa bhenefiti iyi nekuwedzera kwechikamu chekutsauka uye kudedera, sezvo makona makuru ekusimudza achigadzira mauto makuru eradial.Zero pitch inotenderedza maturusi inopa chip hupamhi hwakaenzana nehudzamu hwekucheka mukushandura mashandiro, ukuwo maturusi ekucheka ane kona yekubatana achibvumira hudzamu hunoshanda hwekucheka uye hunoenderana chip hupamhi kupfuura hudzamu chaihwo hwekuchekwa pane workpiece.Mazhinji mashandisirwo ekutenderedza anogona kuitwa zvine mutsindo neanosvika angle renji yegumi kusvika makumi matatu madhigirii (metric system inodzoreredza kona kubva pa90 madhigirii kuenda kune yakapesana, ichiita iyo yakakodzera nzira yekona ye80 kusvika 60 madhigirii).
Zvose muromo nemativi zvinofanira kuva nekusununguka kwakakwana uye kusununguka kuitira kuti chombo chipinde mukati mekucheka.Kana pasina gaka, hapana machipi anoumba, asi kana pasina gaka rakakwana, chishandiso chinokwesha uye kuburitsa kupisa.Single point turning maturusi anodawo chiso nedivi kurerukirwa kupinda muchekwa.
Pakutendeuka, iyo workpiece inoiswa pasi petangential, radial uye axial yekucheka masimba.Kupesvedzera kukuru pakushandiswa kwesimba kunoitwa nematangential forces;axial forces (mafeeds) anodzvanya chikamu murutivi rwekureba;uye radial (kudzika kwekucheka) masimba anowanzo kusundira workpiece uye mudziyo unobata parutivi."Simba rekucheka" ihuwandu hwemasimba matatu aya.Kune zero angle yekukwirira, dziri mureshiyo ye4:2:1 (tangential:axial:radial).Sezvo iyo inotungamira angle inowedzera, iyo axial simba inoderera uye radial yekucheka simba inowedzera.
Iyo mhando ye shank, kona radius, uye yekuisa chimiro zvakare ine hukuru hukuru pane inogoneka inogoneka yekucheka kumucheto kureba kweinotenderedza inopinza.Mimwe misanganiswa yekuisa radius uye inobata ingangoda muripo wedimensional kuti utore mukana wakazara wekucheka.
Unhu hwepamusoro mukushandura mashandiro zvinoenderana nekuoma kwechishandiso, muchina uye workpiece.Kana kuoma kwaitwa, hukama pakati pemuchina wekudya (mu/rev kana mm/rev) uye kuisa kana chishandiso mhino mbiri inogona kushandiswa kuona kunaka kweiyo workpiece.Iyo mbiri yemhino inoratidzirwa maererano neradius: kune imwe nhanho, yakakura radius inoreva kupedzisa kwepamusoro pepamusoro, asi radius yakakura kwazvo inogona kukonzera vibration.Kune machining mashandiro anoda isingasviki optimum radius, mwero wekudya ungangoda kudzikiswa kuti uwane mhedzisiro yaunoda.
Kana iyo inodiwa nhanho yemagetsi yasvika, kubereka kunowedzera nekudzika kwekucheka, chikafu uye nekukurumidza.
Kudzika kwekucheka ndiko kuri nyore kuwedzera, asi kuvandudzwa kunogoneka chete nezvinhu zvakakwana uye masimba.Kupeta kaviri kudzika kwekucheka kunowedzera chibereko pasina kuwedzera tembiricha yekucheka, kusimba kwesimba, kana simba rekucheka pacubic inch kana centimita (inozivikanwawo seyakatarwa kucheka simba).Izvi zvakapetwa kaviri simba rinodiwa, asi hupenyu hwekushandisa hahuna kuderedzwa kana chishandiso chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvetangential yekucheka simba.
Kuchinja chiyero chekudya zvakare kuri nyore.Kupeta kaviri chiyero chekudya chinopeta chip ukobvu uye inowedzera (asi haina kaviri) iyo tangential yekucheka masimba, tembiricha yekucheka, uye simba rinodiwa.Shanduko iyi inoderedza hupenyu hwezvishandiso, asi kwete nehafu.Simba rekucheka chairo (simba rekucheka rine hukama nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakabviswa) inodererawo nekuwedzera kwekudya.Sezvo huwandu hwekudya hunowedzera, simba rekuwedzera rinoshanda pamucheto wekucheka rinogona kukonzera dimples kuti aumbe pamusoro peake reki pamusoro pekuisa nekuda kwekuwedzera kupisa uye kukwesha kunogadzirwa panguva yekucheka.Vashandi vanofanirwa kunyatso tarisa shanduko iyi kuti vadzivise kutadza kwakaipisisa uko machipisi anova akasimba kupfuura blade.
Hazvina kuchenjera kuwedzera kasi yekucheka kana ichienzaniswa nekushandura kudzika kwekucheka uye chiyero chekudya.Kuwedzera kwekukurumidza kwakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekucheka tembiricha uye kuderera kweshear uye chaiwo masimba ekucheka.Kupeta kaviri kumhanya kwekucheka kunoda simba rakawedzerwa uye kunocheka hupenyu hwechishandiso neinopfuura hafu.Mutoro chaiwo wepamusoro reki unogona kudzikiswa, asi tembiricha yepamusoro ichiri kukonzera craters.
Insert kupfeka chiratidzo chakajairika chekubudirira kana kutadza kwechero basa rekutendeuka.Zvimwe zviratidzo zvakajairika zvinosanganisira zvisingagamuchirwi machipisi uye matambudziko ane workpiece kana muchina.Sezvizhinji, mushandisi anofanirwa kuita indexing yekuisa kusvika 0.030 in. (0.77 mm) flank kupfeka.Pakupedzisa mashandiro, mushandisi anofanira kunongedzera kumadaro e0.015 mukati (0.38 mm) kana pasi.
Mechanically clamped indexable insert holders inotevedzera mapfumbamwe ISO uye ANSI recognition system zviyero.
Tsamba yekutanga muhurongwa inoratidza nzira yekubatanidza canvas.Mhando ina dzakajairika dzakanyanya, asi mhando yega yega ine misiyano yakati wandei.
Type C inoisa inoshandisa chibatiso chepamusoro pakuisa zvisina buri repakati.Iyo sisitimu inotsamira chose pakukwesha uye yakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa neakanaka anoisa mukati mepakati kusvika kuchiedza duty kutendeuka uye kufinha maapplication.
Insert M batai pedhi rekudzivirira remukati megomba rine cam lock inodzvanya chinoisa pamadziro egomba.Iyo yekusungirira yepamusoro inobata kumashure kwekuisa uye inodzivirira kuti isasimudze kana mutoro wekucheka uchiiswa kumuromo wekuisa.M inoiswa ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera kupinza pakati pehole negative mukati mepakati kusvika kune rinorema kutendeuka.
S-mhando yekuisa inoshandisa yakajeka Torx kana Allen screws asi inoda kuverengera kana kunyura.Zvikururu zvinogona kubata patembiricha yakakwira, saka sisitimu iyi yakanyatsokodzera kutenderera kuri pakati nepakati uye kufinha.
P inoisa zvinoenderana neiyo ISO chiyero chekutenderedza mapanga.Iyo yekuisa inotsikirirwa kumadziro ehomwe nerevheti inotenderera, iyo inorerekera kana iyo screwing screw yakaiswa.Aya anoisa akanyatsokodzera kune negative rake rekuisa uye maburi ari pakati nepakati kusvika kune anorema anotenderedza maapplication, asi haavhiringe nekuisa kusimudza panguva yekucheka.
Chikamu chechipiri chinoshandisa mavara kuratidza chimiro chebadza.Chikamu chechitatu chinoshandisa mavara kuratidza misanganiswa yemashangi akatwasuka kana ekumisa uye helix angles.
Tsamba yechina inotaridza kona yekumberi kwemubato kana kona yekuseri kwebadza.Pakona yerake, P igonyeti rekwake apo hwerengedzo yekona yekugumisira uye kona yeweji iri pasi pe90 degrees;N is a negative rake angle apo huwandu hwemakona aya hwakakura kudarika 90 degrees;O is the neutral rake angle, uwandu hwacho hunonyatso 90 degrees.Iyo chaiyo clearance angle inoratidzwa neimwe yemavara akati wandei.
Rechishanu ibhii rinoratidza ruoko rune mudziyo.R inoratidza kuti chishandiso chekurudyi chinocheka kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, uku L ichienderana neruboshwe-ruboshwe chinocheka kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.N midziyo haina kwayakarerekera uye inogona kucheka chero nzira.
Zvikamu 6 uye 7 zvinotsanangura mutsauko pakati pehumambo uye metric masisitimu ekuyera.Muhutongi hwehumambo, zvikamu izvi zvinoenderana nenhamba-maviri inoratidzira chikamu chebhureki.Kune masikweya shanks, nhamba ihuwandu hwechikamu chegumi nenhanhatu chehupamhi uye kureba (5/8 inch ndiyo shanduko kubva ku "0x" kuenda ku "xx"), nepo kune rectangular shanks, yekutanga nhamba inoshandiswa kumiririra masere hupamhi.kota, nhamba yechipiri inomiririra chikamu chechina chehurefu.Pane zvishoma zvakasara pachirongwa ichi, semubato we1¼” x 1½”, unoshandisa zita rekuti 91. Metric system inoshandisa nhamba mbiri paurefu nehupamhi.(kurongeka kwakadini.) Saka, blade ine rectangular 15 mm kureba uye 5 mm yakafara ingave ine nhamba 1505.
Zvikamu VIII neIX zvakare zvinosiyana pakati pehumambo uye metric zvikamu.Muhutongi hwehumambo, chikamu chechisere chinotaura nezvezviyero zvekuisa, uye chikamu 9 chinotaura nezvehuso nehurefu hwezvishandiso.Saizi yeblade inotarwa nehukuru hwedenderedzwa rakanyorwa, mune increments yeimwe-eighth yema inch.Kupera uye kureba kwezvishandiso zvinoratidzwa nemabhii: AG yemasaizi echishandiso anogamuchirwa uye ekupedzisira, uye MU (isina O kana Q) yemasaizi emberi uye ekupedzisira anogamuchirwa.Mu metric system, chikamu 8 chinoreva kureba kwechishandiso, uye chikamu 9 chinoreva saizi yeblade.Kureba kwechishandiso kunoratidzwa nemabhii, nepo kune rectangular neparalelogiramu ekuisa saizi, nhamba dzinoshandiswa kuratidza kureba kwekureba kwekucheka mupendero mumamirimita, tichiregeredza madesimalis uye manhamba imwe chete inotangira zero.Mamwe mafomu anoshandisa kureba kweparutivi mumamirimita (dhayamita yeshizha rakatenderedzwa) uye zvakare kufuratira madesimalis uye chivakashure madigits ane zero.
Iyo metric sisitimu inoshandisa chikamu chegumi uye chekupedzisira, icho chinosanganisira zvinzvimbo zvemabhureki akakodzera ane kushivirira kwe ± 0.08mm kumashure uye kumagumo (Q), kumberi nekumashure (F), uye kumashure, kumberi uye kumagumo (B).
Single point zviridzwa zvinowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana, saizi uye zvinhu.Solid single point cutters inogona kugadzirwa kubva pakumhanya simbi, kabhoni simbi, cobalt alloy kana carbide.Nekudaro, iyo indasitiri payakachinjika kune brazed-tipped maturusi ekuchinjisa, mutengo wezvishandiso izvi wakaita kuti zvishaye basa.
Maturusi ane brazed-tipped anoshandisa muviri wezvinhu zvisingadhure uye tipi kana isina chinhu chinodhura chekucheka zvinhu zvakasungirirwa kunzvimbo yekucheka.Zvishandiso zvemazano zvinosanganisira kumhanyisa simbi, carbide uye cubic boron nitride.Maturusi aya anowanikwa muhukuru A kusvika G, uye A, B, E, F, uye G offset masitayipi anogona kushandiswa sematurusi ekucheka ruoko rwerudyi kana kuruboshwe.Kune masikweya shanks, nhamba inotevera tsamba inoratidza urefu kana hupamhi hwebanga muzvikamu gumi nematanhatu zve inch.Kune square shank mapanga, nhamba yekutanga ihwerengedzo yehupamhi hwe shank mune imwe sere yema inch, uye yechipiri nhamba ndiyo hwerengedzo yehurefu hwe shank muchikamu chimwe muzvina inch.
Iyo yepipi radius ye brazed yakanamirwa maturusi zvinoenderana nehukuru hwe shank uye mushandisi anofanira kuona kuti saizi yechishandiso inokodzera kupedzisa zvinodiwa.
Boring inonyanya kushandiswa kupedzisa makomba mahombe ekukanda kana kubaya makomba mumafogi.Maturusi mazhinji akafanana neyechinyakare ekunze ekushandura maturusi, asi kona yekucheka inonyanya kukosha nekuda kweiyo chip evacuation nyaya.
Rigidity yakakoshawo pakuita kunofinha.Iyo dhayamita yakabhowa uye kudiwa kwekuwedzera kubvumidzwa kunokanganisa zvakananga saizi yepamusoro yebhari inofinha.Iyo chaiyo overhang yesimbi inobhowa bar inopeta kana shank dhayamita.Kupfuura muganhu uyu kunogona kukanganisa chiyero chekubvisa simbi nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekuoma uye kuwedzera mukana wekudengenyeka.
Diameter, modulus ye elasticity yezvinhu, kureba, uye mutoro padanda zvinokanganisa kuomarara uye kutsauka, nedhayamita ine pesvedzero huru, inoteverwa nehurefu.Kuwedzera dhayamita yetsvimbo kana kupfupisa kureba kuchawedzera zvakanyanya kuoma.
Iyo modulus ye elasticity inoenderana neyakashandiswa uye haichinji semhedzisiro yekupisa kurapwa.Simbi haina kugadzikana pa30,000,000 psi, heavy metals yakagadzikana pa45,000,000 psi, uye carbides yakatsiga pa90,000,000 psi.
Zvisinei, nhamba idzi dzakakwirira maererano nekugadzikana, uye simbi shank boring bars inopa kushanda kunogutsa kune akawanda maapplication anosvika 4: 1 L/D reshiyo.Mabhawa anobhowa ane tungsten carbide shank anoita zvakanaka pachiyero che6: 1 L/D.
Radial uye axial yekucheka mauto panguva yekufinha zvinoenderana nekona yekurerekera.Kuwedzera simba rekusimudzira pakona diki yekusimudza kunonyanya kubatsira mukudzikisa kuzunguzika.Sezvo iyo inotungamira angle inowedzera, iyo radial simba rinowedzera, uye iyo simba perpendicular kune yekucheka gwara inowedzera, zvichikonzera vibration.
Iyo inokurudzirwa kona yekusimudza yegomba vibration control ndeye 0° kusvika 15° (Imperial. Metric lift angle is 90° to 75°).Kana kona yekutungamirira iri 15 madhigirii, simba rekucheka radial rinenge rakakura zvakapetwa kaviri kana iro kona yekutungamirira iri 0 madhigirii.
Pamabasa akawanda anofinha, maturusi ekucheka ane hunhu anofarirwa nekuti anoderedza masimba ekucheka.Nekudaro, maturusi akanaka ane diki rekubvisa angle, saka mushandisi anofanira kuziva nezve mukana wekusangana pakati pechishandiso uye workpiece.Kuve nechokwadi chekubvumidzwa kwakaringana kunonyanya kukosha kana kufinha maburi madiki dhayamita.
Iyo radial uye tangential mauto mukubhowa anowedzera sezvo mhino radius inowedzera, asi aya masimba anokanganiswawo neiyo lead angle.Kudzika kwekucheka kana kufinha kunogona kushandura hukama uhwu: kana kudzika kwekucheka kwakakura kupfuura kana kuenzana neradius yekona, kona inotungamira inosarudza simba reradial.Kana hudzamu hwekucheka huri pasi pekona radius, kudzika kwekucheka pachayo kunowedzera simba re radial.Dambudziko iri rinoita kuti zvive zvakanyanya kukosha kune vashandisi kushandisa mhino radius idiki pane kudzika kwekucheka.
Horn USA yakagadzira chimbi chimbi chekushandura sisitimu iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kuseta uye nguva yekuchinja chishandiso paSwiss style lathes, kusanganisira idzo dzine mukati memukati inotonhorera.
Vatsvagiri veUNCC vanounza modulation munzira dzekushandisa.Chinangwa chaive chekupwanya chip, asi iyo yepamusoro yekubvisa simbi chiyero yaive inonakidza divi mhedzisiro.
Matemo anotenderedzwa ekugaya pamichina iyi anobvumira mhando dzakawanda dzezvikamu zvakaoma kuti zvigadzirwe museti imwe chete, asi michina iyi inozivikanwa nekunetsa kuronga.Nekudaro, yemazuva ano CAM software inorerutsa zvakanyanya basa rekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-04-2023